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aama commercial window and door installation manual
Download Link: ➡ aama commercial window and door installation manual
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aama commercial window and door installation manual
Choose from 50 standard exterior colors, custom colors and anodized finishes, aama commercial window and door installation manual plus a range of interior wood species and beautiful interior stains. AAMA Product Testing.All windows must be installed in prepared openings in accordance with AAMA recommendations and the below-listed manufacturers’ recommendations. Regardless of the type or style of residential window you choose, or what company manufactures or sells it, it is important to install the window properly for best performance.We also publish our AAMA. Certified aama commercial window and door installation manual Window Installers Proper window and door installation is an important part of homebuilding and remodeling. He has been involved with AAMA since AAMA staff is currently working on aama commercial window and door installation manual reviewing the IPCB document, Installation of Windows and Doors in Commercial Buildings, to identify any updates that may be needed. Welcome to the AAMA Publication Store. Erection of Aluminum Windows Install sliding glass doors with skilled workers in accordance with approved shop drawings, installation instructions, specifications, and the AAMA Commercial Window and Door Installation Manual. This practice covers the installation of retrofit windows in detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses not more than three stories above-grade in height with a separate means of egress. Quality products, on-time delivery and dependable service for contract glazing.Installation into other structures and frame types are not addressed here.The diverse product line is rated for a variety of commercial and architectural applications. This nationwide training and certification program was developed by AAMA for new construction and replacement installers of windows and exterior glass doors in residential and light commercial markets. Welcome to the AAMA Publication Store.
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The publication, AAMA Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows and Doors in Commercial Buildings, addresses the installation of window systems and exterior glass doors — including hinged and sliding-glass doors — for both new construction and replacement projects. Installation into other structures and frame types are not addressed here. Staff will reassess installation training opportunities for commercial buildings once the updated standard is available. It provides minimum requirements, and covers typical installations and generic details. These instructions will provide you with diagramatic instructions for installations of the and Series Aluminium Awning Window into brick veneer, weatherboard or brick cavity.We use Tyvek HomeWrap, a J-Roller and Lightning Flash corners. Local building codes reference this standard accompanied by an AAMA class (R, LC, CW or AW) and a design pressure (50,55,60 etc. While purchasing the most expensive windows and doors on the market may seem like a good way to increase home value and save on energy costs, poorly installed products may end up costing more in the long run. Sliding glass doors must be installed and remain plumb, square and level for proper weathering and operation. In an equal leg window a bead of caulking material should also be applied. American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) AAMA, Voluntary Specification for Self Adhering Flashing Used for Installation of Exterior Wall Fenestration. Our entire product line covers a broad range of performance requi. New Windows are only half the system Installation is the other half.Architectural Design Manual. Each Rhino window reflects the design and manufacturing expertise we've implemented over the years. For example, windows should be set in openings that are plumb, level and square, to allow a window to open and close properly, and maintain their shape best over time.Installation of optional frame extenders Hung Window Installation 1.
AAMA, Standard Practice for Installation of Windows with an Exterior Flush Fin Over an Existing Window Frame, covers the installation of retrofit windows in detached one- and two-family.S. To aama commercial window and door installation manual maximize the enjoyment and realization of these attributes, you should understand how condensation is formed and how it can be minimized. AAMA Product Testing. We accept Visa, MasterCard. The publication, aama commercial window and door installation manual AAMA Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows and Doors in Commercial Buildings, addresses the installation of window systems and exterior glass doors — including hinged and sliding-glass doors — for both new construction and replacement projects. Window and aama commercial window and door installation manual door.S. As an association of window, door and skylight manufacturers, AAMA understands that these products enhance the beauty and comfort of your home by providing views, ventilation and daylight. Install all windows with skilled workers in accordance with approved shop drawings, installation instructions, specifications, and the AAMA Commercial Window and Door Installation Manual.S. and Series Awning Installation. Begin your publication search by entering information into the fields below. Insulated Steel Door SystemsInstallation Standard. Choose from 50 standard exterior colors, custom colors and anodized finishes, plus a range of interior wood species and beautiful interior stains. When you want to change the placement or size of a window, a full frame installation is needed. AAMA Page 1 SCOPE. Instructions include preparing the rough opening, sealing, shimming. DuPont Self-Adhered Flashing Systems Installation uidelines Door and window rough sill framing must be level or slightly sloped to the exterior to ensure proper drainage to the exterior.
AAMA, Standard Practice for Installation of Windows with an Exterior Flush Fin Over an Existing Window. Today we have several commercial window styles and doors in the Rhino line. Tubelite’s focus on fast delivery of attractive, easy-to-install, durable storefront, entrance, operable window and curtainwall framing gives you a competitive advantage. Please read our simple purchasing instructions first to ensure a smooth transaction. AAMA provides this information as a general guide to caring for your windows, doors and skylights to enable you to receive the most enjoyment and best performance from these products. Available in hard copy and electronic formats, it provides in-depth information about Pella products and installation design.Many decades and millions of installations the world-over has proven the reliability and performance of today's Premium-Windows. Rich Allen is the National Account Manager for MI Windows and Doors. Thanks. aama commercial window and door installation manual Vent aama commercial window and door installation manual windows must be installed, and remain, plumb, square aama commercial window and door installation manual and level, to one-half of the unit shimming tolerances cited in the AAMA Commercial Window and Door.Consult and follow your manufacturer’s warranty, owner’s manual or website for details on caring for your specific products aama commercial window and door installation manual and materials. Search by product code or category or leave the product code field blank to see a list of all AAMA publications. Sliding glass doors must be installed and remain plumb, square and aama commercial window and door installation manual level for proper weathering and operation. Staff will reassess installation training opportunities aama commercial window and door installation manual for commercial buildings once the updated standard is available. One of the most comprehensive reference manuals in the industry.
All windows and sliding glass doors must go through basic testing that results in an AAMA classification; commonly called NAFS (North American Fenestration Standard). After installation is complete, building paper and stucco wire (if a stucco aama commercial window and door installation manual application) should overlap the window nail-on flange. The amendment shall be as follows below: FRAMING REQUIREMENTS. Install all windows with skilled workers in accordance with approved aama commercial window and door installation manual shop drawings, installation instructions, specifications, and the AAMA Commercial Window and Door Installation Manual. We also publish our AAMA. As an association of window, door and skylight manufacturers, AAMA understands that these products enhance the beauty and comfort of your home by providing views, ventilation and daylight. Installation of mullions when not using Subframe or Panning 7. marketplace. With few exceptions, most windows perform without fail, and meet or exceed all published air, water, and heat transfer standards. AAMA Installation Instructions. You can now order all of our standards online Visit our online publication store. AAMA provides this information as a general guide to caring for your windows, doors and skylights to enable you to receive the most enjoyment and best performance from these products. Each Rhino window reflects the design and manufacturing expertise we've implemented over the years. It includes information pertaining to both new construction and replacement projects. Consult and follow your manufacturer’s warranty, owner’s manual or website for details on caring for your specific products and materials.The diverse product line is aama commercial window and door installation manual rated for a variety of commercial and architectural applications. A Milgard Certified Dealer will help you through all the steps, from choosing your window to installation and clean-up.
To maximize the enjoyment and realization of these attributes, you should understand how condensation is formed and how it can be minimized. AAMA TIR A, “Metal Curtain Wall fasteners” AAMA IM-TM, “Installation Masters Training Manual” ASTM ASTM E, “Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights” ASTM B E1, “Standard Specification for.All windows and sliding glass doors must go through basic testing that results in an AAMA classification; commonly called NAFS (North American Fenestration Standard). It includes information pertaining to both new aama commercial window and door installation manual construction and replacement projects. This window and door series consists of a commercial horizontal slider, casement, single hung, double hung, aama commercial window and door installation manual hopper, awning, fixed and patio door. Rich Allen is the National Account Manager for MI Windows and Doors. AAMA TIR A, “Metal Curtain Wall fasteners” AAMA IM-TM, “Installation Masters Training Manual” ASTM ASTM E, “Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights” ASTM B E1, “Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel”. Our technical resources library has all that and more.What to Expect: Full Frame Window Replacement with Milgard. Commercial Resources. While purchasing the most expensive windows and doors on the market may seem like a good way to increase home value and save on aama commercial window and door installation manual energy costs, poorly installed products may end up costing more in the long run. The veteran-owned, Inc. Erection of Aluminum Windows Install sliding glass doors with skilled workers in accordance with approved shop drawings, installation instructions, specifications, and the AAMA Commercial Window and Door Installation Manual.
AAMA, Standard Practice for Installation of Windows with an Exterior Flush Fin Over an Existing Window. He has been involved with AAMA since Architectural Design Manual. His company works with vinyl windows and patio doors. Quality products, on-time delivery and dependable service for contract glazing. This practice covers the installation of retrofit windows in detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses not more than three stories above-grade in height with a separate means of egress. Installation of mullions when not using Subframe or Panning 7. Search by product code or category or leave the product code field blank to see a list of all AAMA publications. Each Rhino window reflects the design and manufacturing expertise we've implemented over the years. Or, aama commercial window and door installation manual if the manufacturer doesn’t offer window installation instructions, use AAMA. S.S. We also publish our AAMA. AAMA TIR A, “Metal Curtain Wall fasteners” AAMA IM-TM, “Installation Masters Training Manual” ASTM ASTM E, “Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights” ASTM B E1, “Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel”. Search by product code or category or leave the product code field blank to see aama commercial window and door installation manual a list of all AAMA publications. DuPont Self-Adhered Flashing Systems Installation uidelines Door and window rough sill framing must be level or slightly sloped to aama commercial window and door installation manual the exterior to ensure proper drainage to the exterior. Begin your publication search by entering information into the fields below. The diverse product line is rated for a variety of commercial and architectural applications. AAMA Product Testing. Installation of optional frame extenders Hung Window Installation 1. 6. Rich Allen is the National Account Manager for MI Windows and Doors.
It provides minimum requirements, and covers typical installations and generic details. These instructions will provide you with diagramatic instructions for installations of the and Series Aluminium Awning Window into brick veneer, weatherboard or brick cavity. One of the most comprehensive reference manuals in the industry. Staff will reassess installation training opportunities for commercial buildings once the updated standard is available. AAMA staff is currently working on reviewing the IPCB document, Installation of Windows and Doors in Commercial Buildings, to identify any updates that may be needed. Refer to the. site inspection and safety. Our technical resources library has all that and more. We accept Visa, MasterCard. All windows and sliding glass doors must go through basic testing that results in an AAMA classification; commonly called NAFS (North American Fenestration Standard). Local building codes aama commercial window and door installation manual reference this standard accompanied by an AAMA class (R, LC, CW or AW) and a design pressure (50,55,60 etc. A key mulling concept to understand is AAMA Certification, a performance certification rating that is typically required in commercial or high-end residential projects and used as a standardization method for rating a mulled window wall assembly. Side load sash - balance removal for block and tackle balances 5. Rich Allen is the National Account Manager for MI Windows and Doors. He has been involved with AAMA since These installation recommendations are made available by MI Windows and Doors, LLC (MI) to assist with the integration of finless products into a typical wood-framed window less than three stories in height. Installation Instructions. Local building codes reference this standard accompanied aama commercial window and door installation manual by an AAMA class (R, LC, CW or AW) and a design pressure (50,55,60 etc.
Vent windows must be installed, and remain, plumb, square and level, to one-half of the unit shimming tolerances cited aama commercial window and door installation manual in the AAMA Commercial Window and Door. The publication, titled AAMA Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows and Doors in Commercial Buildings, addresses the installation of windows and exterior glass doors, including hinged and sliding glass doors, which are installed in commercial buildings. Download the files you need quickly and easily. We use Tyvek HomeWrap, a J-Roller and Lightning Flash corners. AAMA evaluates air, water and structural. We accept Visa, MasterCard. Search by product code or category or leave the product code field blank to see a list of all AAMA publications. All of our windows and doors come with a 10 year limited warranty. A key mulling concept to understand is AAMA Certification, a performance certification rating that is typically required in commercial or high-end residential aama commercial window and door installation manual projects and used as a standardization method for rating a mulled window wall assembly.Tilt aama commercial window and door installation manual window sash removal and cleaning instructions 3. MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION analyses for windows, patio doors, interior doors, exterior doors and aama commercial window and door installation manual commercial products in both new and replacement applications. AAMA staff is currently working on reviewing the IPCB document, Installation of Windows and Doors in Commercial Buildings, to identify any updates that may be needed. Begin your publication search by entering information into the fields below. Any attachment screws or bolts should be sealed during the process of installation. We also publish our AAMA. Our entire product line covers a broad range of performance requi.S. Commercial Resources.
Consult and follow your manufacturer’s warranty, owner’s manual or website for details on caring for your specific products and materials.). Each Rhino window reflects the design and manufacturing expertise we've implemented over the years. AAMA evaluates air, water and structural. While purchasing the most expensive windows and doors on the market may seem like a good way to increase home value and save on energy costs, poorly installed products may end up costing more in the long run. Vent windows must be installed, and remain, plumb, square and level, to one-half of the unit shimming tolerances cited in the AAMA Commercial Window and Door.AAMA PC Publication Catalog. Today we have several commercial window styles and doors in the Rhino line. Refer to the. AAMA Installation Instructions.Many decades and millions of installations the world-over has proven the reliability and aama commercial window and door installation manual performance of today's Premium-Windows. Consult and follow your manufacturer’s warranty, owner’s manual or website for details on caring for your specific products and materials.This window and door series consists of a aama commercial window and door installation manual commercial horizontal slider, casement, single hung, double hung, hopper, awning, fixed and patio door. Sliding glass doors must be installed and remain plumb, square and level for proper weathering and operation. Sliding glass doors must be installed and remain plumb, square and level for proper weathering and operation. The amendment shall be as follows below: FRAMING REQUIREMENTS.Certified Window Installers Proper window and door installation is an aama commercial window and door installation manual important part of homebuilding and remodeling. Download the files you need quickly and easily. It includes information pertaining to both new construction and replacement projects.
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The publication, AAMA Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows and Doors in Commercial Buildings, addresses the installation of window systems and exterior glass doors — including hinged and sliding-glass doors — for both new construction and replacement projects. Please read our simple purchasing instructions first to ensure a smooth transaction. Today we have several commercial window styles and aama commercial window and door installation manual doors in the Rhino line. Erection of Aluminum Windows Install sliding aama commercial window and door installation manual glass doors with skilled workers in accordance with approved shop drawings, installation instructions, specifications, and the AAMA Commercial Window and Door Installation Manual. Install all windows with skilled workers in accordance with approved shop drawings, installation instructions, specifications, and the AAMA Commercial Window and Door Installation Manual.Window and door. Please read our simple purchasing instructions first to ensure a smooth transaction.This nationwide training and certification program was developed by AAMA for new construction and replacement installers of windows and exterior glass doors in residential and light commercial markets.” Vent windows must be installed aama commercial window and door installation manual -- and must remain -- plumb, square and level, to one-half of the unit shimming tolerances cited in the “AAMA Commercial. This window and door series consists of a commercial horizontal slider, casement, single hung, double hung, hopper, awning, fixed and patio door. Installation into other structures and frame types are not addressed here. We use Tyvek HomeWrap, aama commercial window and door installation manual a J-Roller and Lightning Flash corners. Tilt window sash removal and cleaning instructions 3. performance requirements 8. A Milgard Certified Dealer will help you through all the steps, from choosing your window to installation and clean-up.
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The report is sold as Adobe Program that provides a means for licensed manufacturers to list window parameters (installation aama commercial window and door installation manual instructions. Insulated Steel Door SystemsInstallation Standard. The veteran-owned, Inc. We accept aama commercial window and door installation manual Visa, MasterCard. Begin your publication search by entering information into the fields below. Whether you install the window yourself or it’s installed by someone else, aama commercial window and door installation manual follow the manufacturer’s installation instructions. All windows and sliding glass doors must go through basic testing that results in an AAMA classification; commonly called NAFS aama commercial window and door installation manual (North American Fenestration Standard). It covers the installation of exterior doors with mounting flanges, exterior. The diverse product line is rated for a variety of commercial and architectural applications. Install all windows with skilled workers in accordance with approved shop drawings, installation instructions, specifications, and the AAMA Commercial Window and Door Installation Manual. Our entire product line covers a broad range of performance requi. These instructions will provide you with diagramatic instructions for installations of the and Series Aluminium Awning Window into brick veneer, weatherboard or brick cavity. You can now order all of our standards online Visit our online publication store. AAMA evaluates aama commercial window and door installation manual air, water aama commercial window and door installation manual and structural. The publication, titled AAMA Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows and Doors in Commercial Buildings, addresses the installation of windows and exterior glass doors, including hinged and sliding glass doors, which are installed in commercial buildings.
This window and door series consists of a commercial horizontal slider, casement, single hung, double hung, hopper, awning, fixed and patio door. The veteran-owned, Inc.S. For example, windows should be set in openings aama commercial window and door installation manual that are plumb, level and square, to allow a window to open and close properly, and maintain their shape best over time.Find installation instructions and professional tools, watch project examples, locate an installer or browse DIY installation resources.When you want to change the placement or size of a window, a full frame installation is needed. These instructions will provide you with diagramatic instructions for installations of the and Series Aluminium Awning Window into brick veneer, weatherboard or brick cavity. We use Tyvek HomeWrap, a J-Roller and Lightning Flash corners. Vent windows must be installed, and remain, plumb, square and level, to one-half of the unit shimming tolerances cited in the AAMA Commercial Window and Door.S.). Sliding glass doors must be installed and remain plumb, square and level for proper weathering and operation.” Vent windows must be installed -- and must remain -- plumb, square and level, to one-half of the unit shimming tolerances cited in the “AAMA Commercial. We accept Visa, MasterCard.Erection of Aluminum Windows Install sliding glass doors with skilled workers in accordance with approved shop drawings, installation instructions, specifications, and the AAMA Commercial Window and Door Installation Manual.Rich Allen is the National Account Manager for MI Windows and Doors.AAMA provides this information as a general guide to caring for your windows, doors and skylights to enable you to receive the most enjoyment and best performance from these products.All windows must be installed in prepared openings in accordance with AAMA recommendations and the below-listed manufacturers’ recommendations.
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aama curtain wall design manual
Download Link: ➡ aama curtain wall design manual
File Name: aama curtain wall design manual.pdf
Size: 3585 KB
Type: PDF, ePub, eBookCategory: Book
Uploaded: 14 May 2019, 16:17 PM
Rating: 4.6/5 from 618 votes.
Last checked: 18 Minutes ago!
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aama curtain wall design manual
It also incorporates content from several other related AAMA publications for ease of access. Significant updates were made to reference documents, material engineering properties, specification language, laboratory testing overview information and weatherability requirements. Design criteria addressed in other AAMA documents, including noise attenuation, thermal performance and condensation control, are covered at a high level. More information about AAMA and its activities can be found on the AAMA website. Glass machine, glass cutting machinery, double glass machine, glass tempering machines, glass processing machines, insulated glass, laminated glass machines, glass news, glass machinery.But transport, storage. Four informative events featuring high-profile speakers will offer. Join us at HorizonTV It includes mandatory language, optional language, and detailed technical commentary. New content includes detailed fabrication and installation tolerances, as well as air barrier interface guidelines. Plano, Texas Photo: Eric Lagnier Powered by Terms Privacy x. The framing is attached to the building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building. The wind and gravity loads of the curtain wall are transferred to the building structure, typically at the floor line. Aluminum framed wall systems date back to the 1930's, and developed rapidly after World War II when the supply of aluminum became available for non-military use. Custom walls become cost competitive with standard systems as the wall area increases. This section incorporates comments about standard and custom systems. It is recommended that consultants be hired with an expertise in custom curtain wall design for projects that incorporate these systems. In the stick system, the curtain wall frame (mullions) and glass or opaque panels are installed and connected together piece by piece.
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Curtain wall vertical framing members run past the face of floor slabs, and provision for anchorage is typically made at vertical framing members only. In contrast to combination assemblies and composite units, non-residential curtain wall systems often need to meet additional performance requirements for inter-story differential movement, seismic drift, dynamic water infiltration, etc. Operating vents and entrance doors are provided as separate inserts. Although curtain walls come in a variety of design appearances, they are generally characterized by narrowly spaced vertical and horizontal elements with glass, metal or other infill materials.Cookies are small files stored in your browser and are used by most websites to improve your overall experience. By continuing to use our site, you are agreeing to AAMA’s Privacy Policy and our use of cookies.Designed to help our members excel in a dynamic and fast-moving future, the Fenestration and Glazing Industry Alliance, or FGIA, is focused on building better industry synergies from glass to framing. AAMA MCWM-1. (1989) Metal Curtain Wall Manual. AAMA TIR A14-10 fenestration anchorage guidelines. GANA. Glazing manual (50th anniversary edition). AAMA certification and procedural guides along with other technical guidelines. WSG, Window Selection Guide; CW-10, Care and Handling of Architectural Installation of Aluminum Curtain Walls; MCWM-1, Metal Curtain Wall Manual to NAAMM's Metal Curtain Wall Manual, Entrance. Manual and Specifications, AAMA has an Aluminum Curtain Wall. 10 Care and Handling of Architectural. Curtain Wall Design Guide Manual - Download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online. AAMA CW-DG-1-96 Page 10. PRIMARY CONCERNS IN Cret form, Solaris makefile example, Suzuki king quad manual 2001, Hippa business agreement form for providers, Wiring guide for 91 ford explorer. Reload to refresh your session. Reload to refresh your session.
As related to curtain wall systems, PE rain screen systems design the inside face of glass and the inside face of the glazing pocket and the interconnecting gasket or wet seal as an airtight barrier. The outside face of glass, exterior glazing materials and the outer exposed face of aluminum framing function as a rain screen, shedding water away. Between the exterior rain screen and the interior air barrier a pressure-equalization chamber is formed in the glazing pocket, which serves to reduce water penetration by eliminating (equalizing) the pressure difference across the rain screen that tends to force water into the system. Minor amounts of water that may penetrate the system are weeped harmlessly to the exterior. Also, since no air barrier exists, the pressure differential between the glazing pocket and the interior may be strong enough to force water vertically higher than interior gaskets, resulting in leaks. Weep holes in a water-managed system function largely to drain water that enters the glazing pocket while weep holes in a pressure-equalized system function primarily as vents to allow air movement between the exterior and glazing pocket. Weeping of water is only a secondary function. Note that the easiest way to recognize a pressure-equalized rain screen system is yo note that the that glazing pocket around each individual unit of glass is isolated air tight from adjacent units, most obviously with plugs or seals at the gaps between screw splines at mullion intersections. Detailing of spandrels, shadow boxes and interface with adjacent construction must maintain the continuity of the air barrier and rainscreen to function properly with a pressure-equalized rainscreen curtain wall framing system. They depend on continuous and perfect seals between the glass units and the frame and between all frame members to perform. The long-term reliability of such seals is extremely suspect and such systems should be avoided.
In the unitized system, the curtain wall is composed of large units that are assembled and glazed in the factory, shipped to the site and erected on the building. Vertical and horizontal mullions of the modules mate together with the adjoining modules. Modules are generally constructed one story tall and one module wide but may incorporate multiple modules. Typical units are five to six feet wide. Interior glazed systems allow for glass or opaque panel installation into the curtain wall openings from the interior of the building. Details are not provided for interior glazed systems because air infiltration is a concern with interior glazed systems. Interior glazed systems are typically specified for applications with limited interior obstructions to allow adequate access to the interior of the curtain wall. For low rise construction with easy access to the building, outside glazing is typically specified. For high-rise construction interior glazing is sometimes used due to access and logistics of replacing glass from a swing stage. Exterior glazed systems require swing stage or scaffolding access to the exterior of the curtain wall for repair or replacement. Some curtain wall systems can be glazed from either the interior or exterior. Shadow box construction creates a perception of depth behind the spandrel glass that is sometimes desired. White marble should not be used due to its susceptibility to deformation due to hysteresis (thin stone is not covered in this chapter). Careful integration with adjacent elements such as other wall claddings, roofs, and base of wall details is required for a successful installation. Normally, pressure-equalized rain screen systems provide the highest levels of resistance to air and water infiltration, with water-managed systems the next most reliable. See the article on Moisture Protection for a complete explanation of how pressure-equalization resists water passage.
Insulating the mullions in a spandrel area may lead to excessive condensation in cold climates unless it can also be assured that humid air from the interior will never come in contact with the mullions. The spandrel area is typically not heated, thus the interior environment does not warm the mullions and offset the migration of the cold temperatures deep into the wall. In the vision area the interior heat helps to mitigate the cold and prevents condensation. For this reason, do not insulate between the interior portion of mullions and adjacent wall construction either. Water can enter the exterior wall system by means of five different forces: gravity, kinetic energy, air pressure difference, surface tension, and capillary action. To mitigate water infiltration, all of these forces must be accounted for in the system design. Watertight frame corner construction and good glazing pocket drainage are critical for reliable water penetration resistance. Sightlines are defined as the visual profile of the vertical and horizontal mullions. The sightlines are a function of both the width and depth of the curtain wall frame. Lateral load resistance requirements (wind loads, spans) generally dictate frame depth. Where narrow sightlines are desired, steel stiffeners inserted into the hollow frame of aluminum extrusions can help reduce frame depth. The sound attenuation capability of curtain walls can be improved by installing sound attenuating infill and by making construction as airtight as possible. Incorporating different thicknesses of glass in an insulated glass unit will also help to mitigate exterior noise. This can be accomplished by increasing the thickness of one of the lites of glass or by incorporating a laminated layer of glass with a noise-reducing interlayer, typically a polyvinyl butyral or PVB.
It is common practice to incorporate thermal breaks of low conductivity materials, traditionally PVC, Neoprene rubber, polyurethane and more recently polyester-reinforced nylon, for improved thermal performance. The deeper thermal breaks can improve thermal performance and condensation resistance of the system. These systems frequently include gaskets that are placed between the pressure bar and mullions and function as thermal breaks and help with acoustic isolation. These systems require special care in design and construction to ensure continuity of the gaskets at horizontal and vertical transitions. Gaskets are also used to cushion the glass on the interior and exterior faces of the glass. The problem with gaskets is that they tend to be stretched during installation and will shrink back to their original length in a short time; they will also shrink with age and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. There is usually a gap in the gasket at the corners after shrinkage occurs. With a properly designed system the water that enters the system at the gasket corners will weep out through the snap cover weep holes. To mitigate shrinkage of gaskets back from the corners the use of vulcanized corners and diagonally cut splices are recommended. Some curtain wall systems include condensation drainage provisions, such as condensate gutters, that are intended to collect and weep condensate from spandrel areas to the exterior; such condensate gutters and weeps are a violation of the air barrier of the curtain wall unless they are outboard of the backpan. See discussion of back pans below. Integration of perimeter flashings helps ensure watertight performance of the curtain wall and its connection to adjacent wall elements. Proper placement of insulation at the curtain wall perimeter reduces energy loss and potential condensation issues.
These systems provide confidence that the materials used for perimeter containment remain in place for the specified duration of the required rating in a fire event. Knock-out panels are generally fully tempered glass to allow full fracturing of the panel into small pieces and relatively safe removal from the opening. Knock-out panels are identified by a non-removable reflective dot (typically two inches in diameter) located in the lower corner of the glass and visible from the ground by the fire department. Refer to the Resource Page on Considerations for Building Design in Cold Climates. Low-rise buildings can generally be accessed from the ground using equipment with articulated arms. For high rise construction the building should be designed for swing stage access for window cleaning, general maintenance, and repair work, like glass replacement.This leakage can often remain concealed within the wall system and not become evident until concealed wall components experience significant deterioration and mold growth, requiring costly repairs. Repairs (if feasible) require significant disassembly of curtain wall. If restoration of internal seals is not physically possible or not economically feasible, installation of exterior surface wet sealing at all glazing and frame joints is often performed. Repairs require exterior access. Aluminum frames are subject to deterioration of the coating and corrosion of aluminum in severe (industrial, coastal) environments and galvanic corrosion from contact with dissimilar metals. Frame corner seals constructed using sealant are prone to debonding from prolonged contact with moisture and from thermal, structural, and transportation movements. Perimeter sealants, properly designed and installed, have a typical service life of 10 to 15 years although breaches are likely from day one. Removal and replacement of perimeter sealants requires meticulous surface preparation and proper detailing.
Factory applied fluoropolymer thermoset coatings have good resistance to environmental degradation and require only periodic cleaning. Recoating with an air-dry fluoropolymer coating is possible but requires special surface preparation and is not as durable as the baked-on original coating. Also, the use of low-e and spectrally selective glass coatings can significantly reduce energy loads and improve comfort close to the wall. Recycling is less economical if the aluminum is contaminated with sealants, fractured glazing, etc., as salvage companies pay considerably less for the material. There is a limited market for salvaged steel and wood frames. Verifying track records may require significant research by the designer. ASTM E1825 provides guidance. Verify that tests pertain to the system under consideration and not a version of the system with the same product name but of different construction. The following summarizes recommended features: Do not use vertical mullions as drain conductors. Each glazing pocket should be fully isolated from adjacent glazing pockets. Provide a sill flashing with end dams and with an upturned back leg turned up into the glazing pocket at the base of the curtain wall to collect and drain curtain wall sill leakage; provide jamb flashings to direct perimeter leakage down to the sill flashing. Slope head and sill flashings to the exterior to promote drainage. Integrate curtain wall sill flashings with sill flashings or base of wall flashings of adjacent walls.The outer layer of gaskets is installed and the gaskets are compressed against the glass by the torque applied to fasteners securing a continuous pressure plate. The plate is later typically covered with a snap-on mullion cover. This system provides reasonable performance but is susceptible to leaks at corners or joints in dry gaskets.
In cold climates insulation should be installed between the back pan and the exterior cladding in order to maintain the dew point outboard of the back pan so that the back pan acts as an air and vapor barrier. Back pans provide a second line of defense against water infiltration for areas of the curtain wall that are not visible from the interior and are difficult to access. Water infiltration in opaque areas can continue for extended periods of time causing significant damage before being detected. Back pans also are to be preferred over foil vapor retarders in high performance and humidified buildings as convection currents short-circuiting the insulation can cause condensation, wetting and ultimately failure of these spandrel areas. The metal sheet should be at least two inches behind the glass and may be painted or formed to create a texture, but reflective surfaces add the most visual depth to the wall. Insulation should also be installed behind the shadow box if interior finishes prevent room air from contacting this area. The system should be designed to collect any condensation that may collect on the exterior side of the metal sheet and drain it back to the exterior. Shadow boxes present a variety of challenges related to venting the cavity behind the glass, that can allow dirt on surfaces difficult to clean, or sealing the cavity and risking excessive heat build-up. Either way, the cavity may be at temperatures significantly above or below interior conditions with only thermally conductive aluminum between them. This can lead to condensation or surfaces so hot they can burn. Careful detailing can provide a method to thermally isolate the cavity from the interior. An interior back pan behind the insulation is desirable as well, to avoid condensation on the metal shadow box from the interior. Unfortunately, the curtain wall will likely demonstrate movement caused by thermal changes and wind significantly different than movement of the building structure.
Therefore the connections to anchor the curtain wall must be designed to allow differential movement while resisting the loads applied. The splice between the vertical mullions will also be designed to allow vertical movement while providing lateral resistance. In large areas of stick framed curtain wall, a split vertical mullion will be introduced periodically to allow thermal movement. Note that this movement slightly distorts the anchors at the vertical mullions. Individual units of glass must accommodate the movement of the surrounding aluminum frame by sliding along glazing gaskets, distorting the gaskets or a combination of both. The movement of the glass within the frame and the movement forced in the anchors tend to induce additional stresses into a stick framed system. Because these units are frequently custom designed, the amount of movement to be accommodated can be carefully engineered into the system. Anchoring of unitized curtain wall typically consists of a proprietary assembly with three-way dimensional adjustability. The anchors occur at each pair of vertical mullions along the edge of slab or spandrel beam. Frequently, unitized systems span from a horizontal stack joint located at approximately desk height up to the anchor at the floor line above and then cantilevering past the floor to the next horizontal stack joint. The stack joint is designed to resist lateral loads while the two floor anchors resist gravity and lateral loads. One of the two floor anchors will allow movement in plane with the unitized system. Laboratory-tested fire rated assemblies may be required in unsprinklered buildings by some codes as Perimeter Fire Containment Systems when the floor assemblies are required to be fire-resistance rated. The ratings of the Perimeter Fire Containment System must be equal to or greater than the floor rating.
For improved performance four-sided gaskets can be fabricated at additional cost or wet sealants can be installed to provide a concealed interior toe bead or exposed interior cap beads. Pressure plate glazing allows the easiest method to seal an air barrier from adjacent construction into the air barrier of curtain wall system. The frame is fixed and exterior dry gaskets are installed. Typically only the top interior mullion has a removable stop. The glass unit is slid into a deep glazing pocket on one jamb far enough to allow clearing the opposite jamb and is then slid back into the opposite glazing pocket and then dropped into the sill glazing pocket. The removable interior stop is installed and finally an interior wedge gasket is forced in. Performance is slightly reduced because dry metal to metal joints occur at the ends of the removable stop at a point that should properly be air and watertight. Wet sealant heel beads will improve performance and some systems include an extra gasket to form an air barrier seal. Installation of spandrel panels may need to be installed from the exterior. Outer silicone weather seals supplement the structural seal. Unitized systems are frequently structural silicone glazed, especially if four-side SSG is desired. Two-sided SSG, with pressure plate glazing or wiggle glazing on the other two sides is acceptable to be field installed. True butt-glazing has no mullion or other back-up member behind the joint and relies solely on a sealant, typically silicone, between the glass units to provide a perfect barrier seal. Establish the required Condensation Resistance Factor (CRF) based on anticipated interior humidity and local climate data and select a curtain wall with an appropriate CRF. Designers should be aware that the CRF is a weighted average number for a curtain wall assembly. The CRF does not give information about cold spots that could result in local condensation.
Projects for which condensation control is a critical concern, such as high interior humidity buildings, require project-specific finite element analysis thermal modeling using software such as THERM. Careful analysis and modeling of interior conditions is required to accurately estimate the interior temperature of the air at the inside surfaces of the glass and frame. Curtain walls that are set well outboard of perimeter heating elements will have air temperatures along their interior surface that are significantly lower than the design wintertime interior temperatures. Thermal modeling of the building interior using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software can help establish a reasonable estimate for air temperatures at the inside surfaces of the glass and frame. These interior air temperatures are inputs for the thermal modeling software. Include lab mock-up thermal testing in addition to CFD modeling for analysis of project-specific conditions. Unusual or custom details, such as copings, deep sills, projected windows, spandrel areas and shadow box can dramatically alter performance. Special insulation provisions may be required where curtain walls project beyond adjacent cladding systems (e.g., an insulated perimeter extrusion or metal panning). Minimize the proportion of framing exposed to the outdoors. Refer to NFRC 100 for U Factor and NFRC 500 for condensation resistance. The challenge is to strive for the highest visible light transmittance (VT) and the lowest solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) while not preventing the glass from being too reflective when viewed from both the exterior and the interior, while controlling glare. This glass performance data are obtained from data using the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Window 5.2 program with Environmental Conditions set at NFRC 100 criteria. NFRC 200 is used to determine the VT and SHGC values while the solar optical properties are determined using NFRC 300.
There isa wide range of systems on the market from manufacturers that provide varying levels of reliability. Unitized systems range in performance ability from industry standard to high performance walls. It is thus recommended that projects specifying unitized curtain wall systems incorporate a team member who has a breadth of experience in designing and working with unitized systems. The units are placed on the floors, bundled in crates, using the tower crane and lowered into place using a smaller crane or hoist owned by the glazing contractor. The mullion dimensions tend to be slightly larger than a stick system due to their open section as compared to the tube shape of a standard stick curtain wall section. The advantages of the unitized system derive from the more reliable seals achievable from factory construction and the reduced cost of labor in the factory versus that of high rise field labor. Units can be assembled in a factory while the structural frame of the building is being constructed. Where stick systems require multiple steps to erect and seal the wall, unitized walls arrive on the site completely assembled allowing the floors to be closed in more quickly. Unitized systems also require less space on site for layout thus providing an advantage for urban sites with space limitations. The interlocking vertical mullions will typically have two interlocking legs. One leg will be in the plane just behind the glazing pocket and the other at the interior face of the mullions. The interlocking leg in the plane of the glazing pocket will be sealed by gaskets and is the primary line of defense against water and air infiltration. More robust systems will also include a gasket at the interior interlock. Systems whose connecting legs lock also compromise the ability of the system to accommodate movement.
Some unitized designs are sensitive to small irregularities in the spacing of adjacent modules; for example, if the module joints are slightly out of tolerance, gaskets may not be properly compressed and moisture protection may suffer. Robust designs include multiple lines of defense, realistic tolerances and adjustability for erection of modules. This is where field labor must seal between adjacent units to achieve a weather tight wall. The interlocking legs of the horizontal mullions are the most critical interface of a unitized system. Water that infiltrates the interlocking vertical mullions drains to the interlocking horizontals that must collect and divert this water to the exterior. The top horizontal mullion of a unit incorporates upstanding vertical legs that mate with cavities in the bottom horizontal of the unit above. These upstanding legs have gaskets that seal against the walls of the bottom horizontal. Some designs provide one upstanding leg that provides one line of defense against air and water infiltration. More robust systems will provide two upstanding legs with gaskets on both legs. A splice plate or silicone flashing that is installed at the top of the two adjacent units as they are erected on the building is typically required. The stack joint is the horizontal joint where units from adjoining floors meet. This positioning utilizes the back span of the mullion above the anchoring point at the slab to counteract the deflection of the mullion below the slab. Also placing the stack joint above the floor provides a more convenient location for field workers to achieve the critical seal at the four-way intersection. Wind load bracing should be incorporated at the single span height to avoid increasing the vertical mullion dimension to accommodate the increased span. Steel can be added to a unitized system to increase its spanning capability.
However, unlike a stick system which has an integral hollow shape, the split mullions must be allowed to move independently to accommodate the building movement thus complicating the introduction of steel. Large units may also increase transportation costs from the factory to the site and erection costs of placing the units on the building. Therefore, the design of the curtain wall and perimeter construction should permit curtain wall removal and replacement without removing adjacent wall components that will remain. Require durable flashing materials, non-corroding attachment hardware and fasteners, and moisture resistant materials in regions subject to wetting. Have a curtain wall consultant present to document mock-up curtain wall construction and verify mock-up performance. Specify that laboratory tests are to be conducted at an AAMA Accredited Laboratory facility. This is best scheduled prior to the release of shop drawings for window production, so that there is an opportunity to make design changes based on the test performance of the field mock-up. Specify that field tests be conducted by an independent third party agency accredited by AAMA. Require multiple tests with the first test on initial installations and later tests at approximately 35%, 70% and at final completion to catch problems early and to verify continued workmanship quality. Require additional testing to be performed if initial tests fail. For all but the simplest of systems, the designer should consider engaging an outside consultant, if such expertise is not available on the staff. Appropriate use and application of the concepts illustrated in these details will vary based on performance considerations and environmental conditions unique to each project and, therefore, do not represent the final opinion or recommendation of the author of each section or the committee members responsible for the development of the WBDG. Sill flashing should have upturned end dams and fully sealed corners.
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aama aluminum curtain wall design guide manual
Vertical and horizontal mullions of the modules mate together with the adjoining modules. Modules are generally constructed one story tall and one module wide but may incorporate multiple modules. Typical units are five to six feet wide. Interior glazed systems allow for glass or opaque panel installation into the curtain wall openings from the interior of the building. Details are not provided for interior glazed systems because air infiltration is a concern with interior glazed systems. Interior glazed systems are typically specified for applications with limited interior obstructions to allow adequate access to the interior of the curtain wall. For low rise construction with easy access to the building, outside glazing is typically specified. For high-rise construction interior glazing is sometimes used due to access and logistics of replacing glass from a swing stage. Exterior glazed systems require swing stage or scaffolding access to the exterior of the curtain wall for repair or replacement. Some curtain wall systems can be glazed from either the interior or exterior. Shadow box construction creates a perception of depth behind the spandrel glass that is sometimes desired. White marble should not be used due to its susceptibility to deformation due to hysteresis (thin stone is not covered in this chapter). Careful integration with adjacent elements such as other wall claddings, roofs, and base of wall details is required for a successful installation. Normally, pressure-equalized rain screen systems provide the highest levels of resistance to air and water infiltration, with water-managed systems the next most reliable. See the article on Moisture Protection for a complete explanation of how pressure-equalization resists water passage. As related to curtain wall systems, PE rain screen systems design the inside face of glass and the inside face of the glazing pocket and the interconnecting gasket or wet seal as an airtight barrier.
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Cookies are small files stored in your browser and are used by most websites to improve your overall experience. By continuing to use our site, you are agreeing to AAMA’s Privacy Policy and our use of cookies.Designed to help our members excel in a dynamic and fast-moving future, the Fenestration and Glazing Industry Alliance, or FGIA, is focused on building better industry synergies from glass to framing. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Aama Aluminum Curtain Wall Design Guide Manual. To get started finding Aama Aluminum Curtain Wall Design Guide Manual, you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed. Our library is the biggest of these that have literally hundreds of thousands of different products represented. I get my most wanted eBook Many thanks If there is a survey it only takes 5 minutes, try any survey which works for you. The framing is attached to the building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building. The wind and gravity loads of the curtain wall are transferred to the building structure, typically at the floor line. Aluminum framed wall systems date back to the 1930's, and developed rapidly after World War II when the supply of aluminum became available for non-military use. Custom walls become cost competitive with standard systems as the wall area increases. This section incorporates comments about standard and custom systems. It is recommended that consultants be hired with an expertise in custom curtain wall design for projects that incorporate these systems. In the stick system, the curtain wall frame (mullions) and glass or opaque panels are installed and connected together piece by piece. In the unitized system, the curtain wall is composed of large units that are assembled and glazed in the factory, shipped to the site and erected on the building.
The deeper thermal breaks can improve thermal performance and condensation resistance of the system. These systems frequently include gaskets that are placed between the pressure bar and mullions and function as thermal breaks and help with acoustic isolation. These systems require special care in design and construction to ensure continuity of the gaskets at horizontal and vertical transitions. Gaskets are also used to cushion the glass on the interior and exterior faces of the glass. The problem with gaskets is that they tend to be stretched during installation and will shrink back to their original length in a short time; they will also shrink with age and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. There is usually a gap in the gasket at the corners after shrinkage occurs. With a properly designed system the water that enters the system at the gasket corners will weep out through the snap cover weep holes. To mitigate shrinkage of gaskets back from the corners the use of vulcanized corners and diagonally cut splices are recommended. Some curtain wall systems include condensation drainage provisions, such as condensate gutters, that are intended to collect and weep condensate from spandrel areas to the exterior; such condensate gutters and weeps are a violation of the air barrier of the curtain wall unless they are outboard of the backpan. See discussion of back pans below. Integration of perimeter flashings helps ensure watertight performance of the curtain wall and its connection to adjacent wall elements. Proper placement of insulation at the curtain wall perimeter reduces energy loss and potential condensation issues. Insulating the mullions in a spandrel area may lead to excessive condensation in cold climates unless it can also be assured that humid air from the interior will never come in contact with the mullions.
The outside face of glass, exterior glazing materials and the outer exposed face of aluminum framing function as a rain screen, shedding water away. Between the exterior rain screen and the interior air barrier a pressure-equalization chamber is formed in the glazing pocket, which serves to reduce water penetration by eliminating (equalizing) the pressure difference across the rain screen that tends to force water into the system. Minor amounts of water that may penetrate the system are weeped harmlessly to the exterior. Also, since no air barrier exists, the pressure differential between the glazing pocket and the interior may be strong enough to force water vertically higher than interior gaskets, resulting in leaks. Weep holes in a water-managed system function largely to drain water that enters the glazing pocket while weep holes in a pressure-equalized system function primarily as vents to allow air movement between the exterior and glazing pocket. Weeping of water is only a secondary function. Note that the easiest way to recognize a pressure-equalized rain screen system is yo note that the that glazing pocket around each individual unit of glass is isolated air tight from adjacent units, most obviously with plugs or seals at the gaps between screw splines at mullion intersections. Detailing of spandrels, shadow boxes and interface with adjacent construction must maintain the continuity of the air barrier and rainscreen to function properly with a pressure-equalized rainscreen curtain wall framing system. They depend on continuous and perfect seals between the glass units and the frame and between all frame members to perform. The long-term reliability of such seals is extremely suspect and such systems should be avoided. It is common practice to incorporate thermal breaks of low conductivity materials, traditionally PVC, Neoprene rubber, polyurethane and more recently polyester-reinforced nylon, for improved thermal performance.
Back pans provide a second line of defense against water infiltration for areas of the curtain wall that are not visible from the interior and are difficult to access. Water infiltration in opaque areas can continue for extended periods of time causing significant damage before being detected. Back pans also are to be preferred over foil vapor retarders in high performance and humidified buildings as convection currents short-circuiting the insulation can cause condensation, wetting and ultimately failure of these spandrel areas. The metal sheet should be at least two inches behind the glass and may be painted or formed to create a texture, but reflective surfaces add the most visual depth to the wall. Insulation should also be installed behind the shadow box if interior finishes prevent room air from contacting this area. The system should be designed to collect any condensation that may collect on the exterior side of the metal sheet and drain it back to the exterior. Shadow boxes present a variety of challenges related to venting the cavity behind the glass, that can allow dirt on surfaces difficult to clean, or sealing the cavity and risking excessive heat build-up. Either way, the cavity may be at temperatures significantly above or below interior conditions with only thermally conductive aluminum between them. This can lead to condensation or surfaces so hot they can burn. Careful detailing can provide a method to thermally isolate the cavity from the interior. An interior back pan behind the insulation is desirable as well, to avoid condensation on the metal shadow box from the interior. Unfortunately, the curtain wall will likely demonstrate movement caused by thermal changes and wind significantly different than movement of the building structure. Therefore the connections to anchor the curtain wall must be designed to allow differential movement while resisting the loads applied.
The spandrel area is typically not heated, thus the interior environment does not warm the mullions and offset the migration of the cold temperatures deep into the wall. In the vision area the interior heat helps to mitigate the cold and prevents condensation. For this reason, do not insulate between the interior portion of mullions and adjacent wall construction either. Water can enter the exterior wall system by means of five different forces: gravity, kinetic energy, air pressure difference, surface tension, and capillary action. To mitigate water infiltration, all of these forces must be accounted for in the system design. Watertight frame corner construction and good glazing pocket drainage are critical for reliable water penetration resistance. Sightlines are defined as the visual profile of the vertical and horizontal mullions. The sightlines are a function of both the width and depth of the curtain wall frame. Lateral load resistance requirements (wind loads, spans) generally dictate frame depth. Where narrow sightlines are desired, steel stiffeners inserted into the hollow frame of aluminum extrusions can help reduce frame depth. The sound attenuation capability of curtain walls can be improved by installing sound attenuating infill and by making construction as airtight as possible. Incorporating different thicknesses of glass in an insulated glass unit will also help to mitigate exterior noise. This can be accomplished by increasing the thickness of one of the lites of glass or by incorporating a laminated layer of glass with a noise-reducing interlayer, typically a polyvinyl butyral or PVB. In cold climates insulation should be installed between the back pan and the exterior cladding in order to maintain the dew point outboard of the back pan so that the back pan acts as an air and vapor barrier.
Recoating with an air-dry fluoropolymer coating is possible but requires special surface preparation and is not as durable as the baked-on original coating. Also, the use of low-e and spectrally selective glass coatings can significantly reduce energy loads and improve comfort close to the wall. Recycling is less economical if the aluminum is contaminated with sealants, fractured glazing, etc., as salvage companies pay considerably less for the material. There is a limited market for salvaged steel and wood frames. Verifying track records may require significant research by the designer. ASTM E1825 provides guidance. Verify that tests pertain to the system under consideration and not a version of the system with the same product name but of different construction. The following summarizes recommended features: Do not use vertical mullions as drain conductors. Each glazing pocket should be fully isolated from adjacent glazing pockets. Provide a sill flashing with end dams and with an upturned back leg turned up into the glazing pocket at the base of the curtain wall to collect and drain curtain wall sill leakage; provide jamb flashings to direct perimeter leakage down to the sill flashing. Slope head and sill flashings to the exterior to promote drainage. Integrate curtain wall sill flashings with sill flashings or base of wall flashings of adjacent walls.The outer layer of gaskets is installed and the gaskets are compressed against the glass by the torque applied to fasteners securing a continuous pressure plate. The plate is later typically covered with a snap-on mullion cover. This system provides reasonable performance but is susceptible to leaks at corners or joints in dry gaskets. For improved performance four-sided gaskets can be fabricated at additional cost or wet sealants can be installed to provide a concealed interior toe bead or exposed interior cap beads.
Pressure plate glazing allows the easiest method to seal an air barrier from adjacent construction into the air barrier of curtain wall system. The frame is fixed and exterior dry gaskets are installed. Typically only the top interior mullion has a removable stop. The glass unit is slid into a deep glazing pocket on one jamb far enough to allow clearing the opposite jamb and is then slid back into the opposite glazing pocket and then dropped into the sill glazing pocket. The removable interior stop is installed and finally an interior wedge gasket is forced in. Performance is slightly reduced because dry metal to metal joints occur at the ends of the removable stop at a point that should properly be air and watertight. Wet sealant heel beads will improve performance and some systems include an extra gasket to form an air barrier seal. Installation of spandrel panels may need to be installed from the exterior. Outer silicone weather seals supplement the structural seal. Unitized systems are frequently structural silicone glazed, especially if four-side SSG is desired. Two-sided SSG, with pressure plate glazing or wiggle glazing on the other two sides is acceptable to be field installed. True butt-glazing has no mullion or other back-up member behind the joint and relies solely on a sealant, typically silicone, between the glass units to provide a perfect barrier seal. Establish the required Condensation Resistance Factor (CRF) based on anticipated interior humidity and local climate data and select a curtain wall with an appropriate CRF. Designers should be aware that the CRF is a weighted average number for a curtain wall assembly. The CRF does not give information about cold spots that could result in local condensation. Projects for which condensation control is a critical concern, such as high interior humidity buildings, require project-specific finite element analysis thermal modeling using software such as THERM.
The splice between the vertical mullions will also be designed to allow vertical movement while providing lateral resistance. In large areas of stick framed curtain wall, a split vertical mullion will be introduced periodically to allow thermal movement. Note that this movement slightly distorts the anchors at the vertical mullions. Individual units of glass must accommodate the movement of the surrounding aluminum frame by sliding along glazing gaskets, distorting the gaskets or a combination of both. The movement of the glass within the frame and the movement forced in the anchors tend to induce additional stresses into a stick framed system. Because these units are frequently custom designed, the amount of movement to be accommodated can be carefully engineered into the system. Anchoring of unitized curtain wall typically consists of a proprietary assembly with three-way dimensional adjustability. The anchors occur at each pair of vertical mullions along the edge of slab or spandrel beam. Frequently, unitized systems span from a horizontal stack joint located at approximately desk height up to the anchor at the floor line above and then cantilevering past the floor to the next horizontal stack joint. The stack joint is designed to resist lateral loads while the two floor anchors resist gravity and lateral loads. One of the two floor anchors will allow movement in plane with the unitized system. Laboratory-tested fire rated assemblies may be required in unsprinklered buildings by some codes as Perimeter Fire Containment Systems when the floor assemblies are required to be fire-resistance rated. The ratings of the Perimeter Fire Containment System must be equal to or greater than the floor rating. These systems provide confidence that the materials used for perimeter containment remain in place for the specified duration of the required rating in a fire event.
Knock-out panels are generally fully tempered glass to allow full fracturing of the panel into small pieces and relatively safe removal from the opening. Knock-out panels are identified by a non-removable reflective dot (typically two inches in diameter) located in the lower corner of the glass and visible from the ground by the fire department. Refer to the Resource Page on Considerations for Building Design in Cold Climates. Low-rise buildings can generally be accessed from the ground using equipment with articulated arms. For high rise construction the building should be designed for swing stage access for window cleaning, general maintenance, and repair work, like glass replacement.This leakage can often remain concealed within the wall system and not become evident until concealed wall components experience significant deterioration and mold growth, requiring costly repairs. Repairs (if feasible) require significant disassembly of curtain wall. If restoration of internal seals is not physically possible or not economically feasible, installation of exterior surface wet sealing at all glazing and frame joints is often performed. Repairs require exterior access. Aluminum frames are subject to deterioration of the coating and corrosion of aluminum in severe (industrial, coastal) environments and galvanic corrosion from contact with dissimilar metals. Frame corner seals constructed using sealant are prone to debonding from prolonged contact with moisture and from thermal, structural, and transportation movements. Perimeter sealants, properly designed and installed, have a typical service life of 10 to 15 years although breaches are likely from day one. Removal and replacement of perimeter sealants requires meticulous surface preparation and proper detailing. Factory applied fluoropolymer thermoset coatings have good resistance to environmental degradation and require only periodic cleaning.
Careful analysis and modeling of interior conditions is required to accurately estimate the interior temperature of the air at the inside surfaces of the glass and frame. Curtain walls that are set well outboard of perimeter heating elements will have air temperatures along their interior surface that are significantly lower than the design wintertime interior temperatures. Thermal modeling of the building interior using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software can help establish a reasonable estimate for air temperatures at the inside surfaces of the glass and frame. These interior air temperatures are inputs for the thermal modeling software. Include lab mock-up thermal testing in addition to CFD modeling for analysis of project-specific conditions. Unusual or custom details, such as copings, deep sills, projected windows, spandrel areas and shadow box can dramatically alter performance. Special insulation provisions may be required where curtain walls project beyond adjacent cladding systems (e.g., an insulated perimeter extrusion or metal panning). Minimize the proportion of framing exposed to the outdoors. Refer to NFRC 100 for U Factor and NFRC 500 for condensation resistance. The challenge is to strive for the highest visible light transmittance (VT) and the lowest solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) while not preventing the glass from being too reflective when viewed from both the exterior and the interior, while controlling glare. This glass performance data are obtained from data using the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Window 5.2 program with Environmental Conditions set at NFRC 100 criteria. NFRC 200 is used to determine the VT and SHGC values while the solar optical properties are determined using NFRC 300.There isa wide range of systems on the market from manufacturers that provide varying levels of reliability. Unitized systems range in performance ability from industry standard to high performance walls.
It is thus recommended that projects specifying unitized curtain wall systems incorporate a team member who has a breadth of experience in designing and working with unitized systems. The units are placed on the floors, bundled in crates, using the tower crane and lowered into place using a smaller crane or hoist owned by the glazing contractor. The mullion dimensions tend to be slightly larger than a stick system due to their open section as compared to the tube shape of a standard stick curtain wall section. The advantages of the unitized system derive from the more reliable seals achievable from factory construction and the reduced cost of labor in the factory versus that of high rise field labor. Units can be assembled in a factory while the structural frame of the building is being constructed. Where stick systems require multiple steps to erect and seal the wall, unitized walls arrive on the site completely assembled allowing the floors to be closed in more quickly. Unitized systems also require less space on site for layout thus providing an advantage for urban sites with space limitations. The interlocking vertical mullions will typically have two interlocking legs. One leg will be in the plane just behind the glazing pocket and the other at the interior face of the mullions. The interlocking leg in the plane of the glazing pocket will be sealed by gaskets and is the primary line of defense against water and air infiltration. More robust systems will also include a gasket at the interior interlock. Systems whose connecting legs lock also compromise the ability of the system to accommodate movement. Some unitized designs are sensitive to small irregularities in the spacing of adjacent modules; for example, if the module joints are slightly out of tolerance, gaskets may not be properly compressed and moisture protection may suffer. Robust designs include multiple lines of defense, realistic tolerances and adjustability for erection of modules.
This is where field labor must seal between adjacent units to achieve a weather tight wall. The interlocking legs of the horizontal mullions are the most critical interface of a unitized system. Water that infiltrates the interlocking vertical mullions drains to the interlocking horizontals that must collect and divert this water to the exterior. The top horizontal mullion of a unit incorporates upstanding vertical legs that mate with cavities in the bottom horizontal of the unit above. These upstanding legs have gaskets that seal against the walls of the bottom horizontal. Some designs provide one upstanding leg that provides one line of defense against air and water infiltration. More robust systems will provide two upstanding legs with gaskets on both legs. A splice plate or silicone flashing that is installed at the top of the two adjacent units as they are erected on the building is typically required. The stack joint is the horizontal joint where units from adjoining floors meet. This positioning utilizes the back span of the mullion above the anchoring point at the slab to counteract the deflection of the mullion below the slab. Also placing the stack joint above the floor provides a more convenient location for field workers to achieve the critical seal at the four-way intersection. Wind load bracing should be incorporated at the single span height to avoid increasing the vertical mullion dimension to accommodate the increased span. Steel can be added to a unitized system to increase its spanning capability. However, unlike a stick system which has an integral hollow shape, the split mullions must be allowed to move independently to accommodate the building movement thus complicating the introduction of steel. Large units may also increase transportation costs from the factory to the site and erection costs of placing the units on the building.
Therefore, the design of the curtain wall and perimeter construction should permit curtain wall removal and replacement without removing adjacent wall components that will remain. Require durable flashing materials, non-corroding attachment hardware and fasteners, and moisture resistant materials in regions subject to wetting. Have a curtain wall consultant present to document mock-up curtain wall construction and verify mock-up performance. Specify that laboratory tests are to be conducted at an AAMA Accredited Laboratory facility. This is best scheduled prior to the release of shop drawings for window production, so that there is an opportunity to make design changes based on the test performance of the field mock-up. Specify that field tests be conducted by an independent third party agency accredited by AAMA. Require multiple tests with the first test on initial installations and later tests at approximately 35%, 70% and at final completion to catch problems early and to verify continued workmanship quality. Require additional testing to be performed if initial tests fail. For all but the simplest of systems, the designer should consider engaging an outside consultant, if such expertise is not available on the staff. Appropriate use and application of the concepts illustrated in these details will vary based on performance considerations and environmental conditions unique to each project and, therefore, do not represent the final opinion or recommendation of the author of each section or the committee members responsible for the development of the WBDG. Sill flashing should have upturned end dams and fully sealed corners. Care must be taken to ensure all corner frame joints in the glazing pocket are sealed to prevent leakage to the interior. Gasket height should correspond to the curtain wall design pressure.
Spandrel glass adapters should be fully bedded in sealant and integrated with glazing pocket corner seals to prevent water leakage from glazing pocket to building interior. Double-skin systems, which employ a ventilated space between the inner and outer walls are rare in the U.S., but have been constructed in Europe and Asia where energy costs are much higher. Similar in concept to air-flow windows, the ventilated space is intended to conserve energy by modulating the temperature conditions inboard of the curtain wall. During the heating season, the space acts as a buffer between the exterior and interior, and can be used to temper outdoor supply air. During the cooling season, warm interior air is exhausted into the space. There is currently discussion among building science experts that, at least for cold climates, a less expensive way of achieving energy savings might be through the use of curtain walls with high (over R-6) insulating values. Point-supported glass, structural glass mullions and use of tension structures are recent technologies. The goal of 'Whole Building' Design is to create a successful high-performance building by applying an integrated design and team approach to the project during the planning and programming phases. Disclaimer. Curtain Wall Design Guide Manual. AISC. Design Aluminum Curtain Wall Design Guide Manual (AAMA prev next out of 4 Post on 16-Apr-2018 369 views Category: Documents 50 download Report Download Facebook Twitter E-Mail LinkedIn Pinterest Embed Size (px)Manufacturer's Name: AAMACW-DG-1-96 Aluminum Curtain Wall Design Guide Manual. AAMA Aluminum Curtain WallDesign Guide Manual AAMA 501.1 Standard Test Method for Exterior Windows, CurtainWalls and Doors for Water Penetration. The Aluminum Association has released its 2010 AluminumDesign Manual. Essential and Door Assemblies, Aluminum Curtain Wall Design Guide Manual.This section specifies glazed aluminum curtain wall system.
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aalborg boiler manual pdf
Alfa Laval uses high-quality components that ensure lasting plant uptime. Parts and replacements are fabricated in Alfa Laval's own workshops by highly experienced boilermakers and qualified welders. Class-approved materials, plates and tubes are kept either in stock or readily available. Original documentation is available for all boiler plants manufactured by Alfa Laval, as well those from licensee holders. If required, complete and class-approved service documentation can be provided after service completion. ID Model Description 431101 AQ-7 AQ-7 Smoke Tube Exhaust Boiler. Seat Toledo Repair Manual. Instruction Manual and Spare Parts. 431102 AQ-12 AQ-12 Oil-Fired Boiler. Instruction Manual and Spare Parts. 431103 KB250 Instruction Manual and Spare Parts for Burner Plant Type KB 250 and Control System. 431104 Saacke Instruction Manual and Spare Parts for SAACKE Oil or Gas Burners or Combination Oil and Gas Burners. 431105 Ashland Chemical Instructions for Transfer and dosing station for hydrazine (Ashland Chemical). It is intended for steam or hot water production, the oil and gas-fired Aalborg OM is supplied as a vertical, pre-assembled boiler unit with both smoke tubes and pin tubes. OEM boiler plant spare parts from the Aalborg Industries Group An electronic catalogue with full documentation on spare parts for the MISSION. It is intended for steam or hot water production, the oil and gas-fired Aalborg OM is supplied as a vertical, pre-assembled boiler unit. Sanborn Air Compressor 5 Gallon Manual. Alfa Laval Aalborg steam atomizing burner- Aalborg KBSA The Aalborg KBSA steam atomising burner is designed for use on our side-fired boilers and can be delivered premounted. The use of oil flowmeter and modulation of the atomizing steam pressure ensures a stable combustion at all loads, also in the lower end. All burner mountings are arranged to ensure easy installation and maintenance.
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Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. Start Free Trial Cancel anytime. Report this Document Download Now Save Save Aalborg Boiler OL- Instruction Manual.pdf For Later 100% (15) 100% found this document useful (15 votes) 5K views 329 pages Aalborg Boiler OL- Instruction Manual.pdf Uploaded by JunMamauagDelaCruz Description: Full description Save Save Aalborg Boiler OL- Instruction Manual.pdf For Later 100% 100% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 0% 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Embed Share Print Download Now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 329 Search inside document Browse Books Site Directory Site Language: English Change Language English Change Language. Aalborg Mission Boiler Manual PDF Download. Is that Aalborg Mission Boiler Manual PDF Download readers influence the future. Of course yes. Aalborg Mission Boiler Manual PDF Download Gives the readers many references and knowledge that bring positive influence in the future. Aalborg OM is a high performance medium capacity oil-fired auxiliary boiler which is intended for steam or hot water production. Aalborg Mission Boiler Manual PDF Download Gives the readers good spirit. Although the content of Aalborg Mission Boiler Manual PDF Download are difficult to be done in the real life, but it is still give good idea. Alfa Laval can perform boiler repair on a scheduled or emergency basis, including during your vessel's normal operation. The work can be done in port, at a shipyard or at sea, where it is carried out according to class rules and your specifications. Alfa Laval has served the boiler industry for a century, working with all aspects of boiler design, manufacturing, inspection and service. Combining this comprehensive experience with technology from today's boiler programme, we can repair and upgrade all types and brands of boiler and waste heat recovery equipment.
We handle the positioning, physical connections, setup and commissioning of your retrofit equipment, bringing it into operation as smoothly as possible. Our boiler expertise, manufacturing knowledge, strong logistics and excellent project management are all part of the solution. Smaller or nonessential jobs can be done en route or in port, while those requiring more planning can be done alongside or in dry dock. The following general steps are included: This involves: - Control of installation and alarm point setting - Commissioning and start-up. Basically, the boiler is designed as a vertical boiler with a shell surrounding a cylindrical furnace, and a convective section consisting of pin tube elements. A large number of pins are welded around the outside of the pin tube creating an extended heating surface.The furnace bottom is provided with a socket for drain of washing water. The produced heat is transferred mainly by radiation from the flame to the furnace shell. Leaving the furnace, the flue gases flow through the vertical uptakes where heat is transferred to the pin-tube elements mainly by convection. As the steam bubbles have a much lower specific density than the water, they will rise rapidly to the steam space where water and steam are separated. The difference in the static pressure at the lower connection to the pin-tube creates the driving force for the circulation.It is very important to note that a boiler plant consisting of one or more exhaust gas boilers using the steam space in the MISSION TM OS boiler is not designed for simultaneous operation. There can be several reasons for the failure in staring of a boiler. In this article we will learn about the most common reasons for not starting of boiler. Any of these can be in closed position resulting in starvation of fuel. To avoid this, boiler system are normally built for changeover from diesel to heavy oil during starting and heavy to diesel during stopping.
The optimally designed pin-tube elements, which ensure high performance, are also used to support the top plates of the furnace and boiler. Honda Gcv530 Engine Service Manual on this page. Vw Golf 3 Lock Manual more. The Aalborg OL is a large capacity oil-fired steam boiler. It is designed to provide optimal combustion conditions. Aalborg OL is intended for steam or hot water production, the oil- or gas-fired Aalborg OL (formerly MISSION OL) is supplied as a vertical, two-drum cylindrical boiler. AALBORG INDUSTRIES Feed and boiler water General Note: The recommended feed and boiler water characteristics are only valid for boilers with a working pressure below 20 barg. Present the condensate and feed water system to the supplier of the treatment system and inform about the operation philosophy of the plant. Aalborg Mission Boiler Manual Esperanza Ashley. Unsubscribe from Esperanza Ashley. Cancel Unsubscribe. Subscribe Subscribed. Chrysler 300 Awd 2017 Service Manual. RUSSIAN LANGUAGE. 431114 OILON OILON Burners RP130H, RP140H, RP150H - Operation and Maintenance Manual. 431115 OILON OILON Burners RP130M, RP140M, RP150M, RP250M, RP280M - Operation and Maintenance Manual. 431116 OILON OILON Burners RP300M(II), RP400M(II), RP500M, RP600M - Operation and Maintenance Manual. 431117 OILON OILON RP52YP Automatic Burner - Operation Manual. It is designed to provide optimal combustion conditions. The two-drum cylindrical boiler design features straight tubes directly connecting the water and steam drums. This ensures safe circulation with no risk of overheating and subsequent burnout of the tubes. The integrated burner design reduces refractory to a protective layer at the bottom of the furnace and around the access doors. A dynamic wind-box provides for low pressure loss and a stable combustion at low loads. Alfa Laval can perform quick and cost-effective installation accordingto all guidelines and best practices, which gives you full peace of mind.
Two sections of fuel piping after the compound regulator opened and inspected for any sludge or obstructions but noted that the piping was in clean condition. 9. Fuel oil crackling test carried out for any possibility of water in the fuel and noted normal. 10. Compuond regulator linkages with air flap checked and noted to be normal. The following can be the reasons- electrode fouled, Distance between them needs to adjust, Nozzle fouled etc. Only in first start after reset it will be fire in good combustion. Already clean all filters pilot and main burner. What could be the problem? I’ll wait for your reply After 14 hours we received same alarm, again cleaned filters but this time with out success. Next day we opened the boiler and re-adjust the electrodes, cleaned filters again but with out any success. We changed also the nozzle with new one, with out any succes also. After all of above we start it in manual mode(emergency mode) and started, but it takes around 5-8 seconds to keep pressed ignition button(for the spark of electrodes) and the valve for oil open, for the boiler to start firing. The pressure is in range, around 28 BAR in ring line.We also drained the MDO tank to check if it has water, but no water in MDO is present.Do you have any advice. Can it be the MDO? or this Burner controller from SIEMENS is not working properly? If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Ok Read more. L325 Skid Steer Operators. Aalborg Low Pressure Boiler Manual download. Testing Techniques. Aalborg Low Pressure Boiler Manual. When we say “Quick,” we mean quick. Mineral Wells, West Virginia, Series 1-E2. Service Manual Manual Application: RELATED SEARCHES FOR YAMAHA as well as zoomed and printed Manual at each scheduled. L325 Skid Steer Operators DR-220E DR. Free downloads of all boiler manufactures This site is exactly what it says it is - Boiler manuals for free. Samples taken from the boiler water feed system are cooled usually to 25.
This keeps the filter and the fuel line clean. Normally when the pumps are in pairs, the change over auto system is kept in manual position, and if the operating pump trips, the stand by pump will not start automatically. Another reason is tripping of pump due to short circuit in the system etc. If the flame eye unit is malfunctioning, then it will give a trip signal even before the burner starts firing. If the flaps are malfunctioning then continuous forced air will go inside the chamber, preventing the burner to produce flame causing flame failure of the boiler. Even one contactor malfunctioning may result in trouble for boiler starting. If the atomizer is clogged by sludge and fuel deposits then burner may not produce flame and trip the boiler. Some pilot burner consists of small filter which can be clogged after continuous operation resulting in flame failure because of carbon accumulation. Got questions? Visit the community forum to ask questions, get answers, meet people, and share your tips! He loves multitasking, networking, and troubleshooting. He is the one behind the unique creativity and aesthetics at Marine Insight. I have no Manuals What action will you take as duty engr.If the burner is still nor firing, check the burner assembly. Vessel observed that during firing on HSFO, the pilot burner firing normally but main burner flame not catching up and then flame failure alarm activating.However while on MGO the main burner flame coming normally. Fuel line Y-filter cleaned. 2. Rotory cup drive belt renewed. 3. Rotory cup assembly opened and cleaned. 4. Outer and inner air annular rings inspected and found to be in good condition. 5. Pressure of the fuel oil before entering the burner checked and compared with MGO and both are noted to be same. 6. Pilot burner cleaned and nozzle renewed.Pilot burner swirler inspected and noted to be in good condition.Pilot burner pump filter cleaned. 7. Flame eye renewed. 8.
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aam1212 51 manual
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview Basic Setting Advanced Application Routing Protocol. IP Setup Use this screen to configure the system and management IP addresses and subnet masks. Settings in the run time memory are lost when the AAM's power is turned off. Apply the settings. If you change the AAM’s IP address, you must use the new IP address if you want to access the web configurator again. Figure 25 xDSL Port Setup 9 Click a virtual channel's Select radio button and click Delete. Click OK in the next screen. Chapter 5 Initial Configuration. Figure 27 Select Ports 11 Select Super Channel to allow the channel to forward frames belonging to multiple VLAN groups (that are not assigned to other channels). Enter the VPI and VCI that you need. Click Copy and then Paste. Figure 29 Copying the PVC 13 Click All to select every port. 14 Click Apply to paste the settings. Figure 32 Config Save Screen You can now use the device (with the other settings set to the defaults) to provide service to ADSL subscribers. See the rest of this chapter for information on other default settings. Table 6 Home LABEL DESCRIPTION System up Time This field shows how long the system has been running since the last time it was started. The following fields are related to the Ethernet ports. Table 7 Ethernet Port Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTION Return Click this link to go back to the Home screen. Port Use this drop-down list box to select a port for which you wish to view statistics. Rx fragments This field shows the number of frames received that were less than 64 octets long, and contained an invalid FCS, including non-integral and integral lengths. Table 8 ADSL Port Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTION Return Click this link to go back to the Home screen.Rx bytes This field shows the number of kilobytes that have been received on this port. Table 9 System Information LABEL DESCRIPTION System Name This field displays the AAM's model name.Temperature sensor 1 is near the ADSL line driver.
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Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Disclaimer ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1 This switch may not cause harmful interference. 2 This switch must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. During the warranty period, and. The hot-swappable AAM1212 is designed to be installed in an IP-based DSLAM (Internet Protocol Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) chassis such as the IES-1000 (Integrated Ethernet Switch), that connects ADSL subscribers to the Internet. Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your AAM1212. ADSL service can coexist with voice service on the same line. Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your AAM1212. Residents need an ADSL modem, connected as shown in the previous figure. Figure 2 Curbside Application Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your AAM1212. Each IES-1000 accommodates up to two network modules. Remove and install AAMs via the front of the IES-1000. The system is on and functioning properly.The MDF is the point of termination for the outside telephone company lines coming into a building and the telephone lines in the building. Connect wiring from the telephone company to the upper ports of an MDF (see the previous figure). They feed the DSL signals to the AAM and divert the voice signals to the CO lines of the Telco-50 connector. This chapter discusses connections using MDFs. 3.1.9 Typical MDF Scenarios This section describes typical installation scenarios. Note: Users A and B have telephone (only) service. Figure 18 Home Screen Click Home to view current device statistics. Click Logout to exit the web configurator. Navigation Panel Chapter 4 Web Configurator Introduction. Click a submenu link to go to the corresponding screen.
Table 15 xDSL Port Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION VC Setup Click VC Setup to open the VC Setup screen where you can configure VC settings for the DSL ports. These are configured in the Packet Filtering screen (see the chapter on packet filtering). Port This field shows the port index number. Table 16 xDSL Port Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION Last Page Click this to return to the previous screen. Active Select this check box to turn on this ADSL port. First configure a static VLAN on the AAM for voice on the port.Use this screen to view and configure a port's channel (PVC) settings. PVID Type a PVID (Port VLAN ID) to assign to untagged frames received on this channel. Click Cancel to only remove the one you selected. Table 18 Port Profile LABEL DESCRIPTION VC Profile Click VC Profile to open the VC Profile screen where you can configure virtual channel profiles. Select Fast mode to use no interleaving and have faster transmission (a “fast channel”). ATM network infrastructure was designed to provide QoS. It uses fixed cell sizes and built-in traffic management (see the following section on traffic shaping). This allows you to fine-tune the levels of services on the priority of the traffic flow. However, while ABR gives subscribers a set amount of bandwidth, UBR doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. CDVT controls the time scale over which the PCR is enforced. Figure 49 VC Profile The following table describes the fields in this screen. BT applies with the vbr traffic class. Modify Select a VC profile’s Select radio button and click Modify to edit the VC profile. Table 20 Alarm Profile LABEL DESCRIPTION Port Profile Click Port Profile to open the Port Profile screen. Use the Port Profile screen to configure profiles of ADSL port settings (such as the transfer rate, interleave delay and signal to noise ratio settings). Click a profile’s index number to edit the profile. You cannot edit the DEFVAL profile.
Temperature sensor 2 is near the ADSL chipset. Temperature sensor 3 is near the central processing unit. Table 10 General Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Host Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to 31 ASCII characters; spaces are not allowed. New Date (yyyy- Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in mm-dd) the Current Date field after you click Apply. When the AAM is in standalone mode, you can use it in a network topology that uses loops (you should also enable RSTP). You can have multiple AAMs connected on the same network and set both of them to use standalone mode in order to use them with a network topology that uses loops. Figure 40 Switch Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 Switch Setup. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be larger than Leave Timer;. Use this screen to configure the system and management IP addresses and subnet masks. Figure 41 IP Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 ENET Port Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This is the port index number. Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A port must be enabled for data transmission to occur. It also covers how to configure virtual channels and virtual channel profiles. 8.1 ADSL Standards Overview These are the ADSL standards and rates that the AAM supports at the time of writing. Assign the appropriate profile to an ADSL port and it takes care of a large part of the port's configuration maximum and minimum transfer rates. You still get to individually enable or disable each port, as well as configure its channels and operational mode. The default profile's name is set to DEFVAL. The default profile's maximum downstream rate can only be obtained when using the G.dmt standard. Configure a profile with a maximum downstream rate of 1536 Kbps or less for use with G.lite.
Table 28 VLAN Port Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION VLAN Status Click VLAN Status to see which of the AAM’s ports are members of which VLANs. Copy port Do the following to copy settings from one port to another port or ports. 1. Select the number of the port from which you want to copy settings. Refer to RFC 1112 and RFC 2236 for information on IGMP versions 1 and 2 respectively. Table 29 IGMP Snooping LABEL DESCRIPTION Query This is the total number of Query packets received. Report This is the total number of Report packets received. Leave This is the total number of Leave packets received. This feature can be used in conjunction with IGMP snooping to allow multicast MAC address(es) that are not learned by IGMP snooping. The subsequent tables show the settings of the IGMP groups. Index This is the static multicast group index number. MAC Address This is the multicast MAC address. Use this screen to set which types of packets the AAM accepts on individual ADSL ports. This will gray out the check boxes for other packet types and the AAM will drop any non-PPPoE packets. Table 32 MAC Filter LABEL DESCRIPTION Port Use this drop-down list box to select an ADSL port for which you wish to configure MAC filtering. Type a device’s MAC address in hexadecimal notation (xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx, where x is a number from 0 to 9 or a letter from a to f) in this field. The switch supports RSTP and the earlier STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports, eliminating any possible network loops. Information frames are submitted to the learning process but not forwarded. Forwarding Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and forwarded. This ID is the same in Designated root ID if the AAM is the root switch. Click STP Config to display the Spanning Tree Protocol Configuration screen as shown next. Figure 64 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Name This name identifies the IGMP filter profile. Table 22 Line Rate Information LABEL DESCRIPTION Line Performance Click Line Performance to display an ADSL port’s line performance counters. Line Data Click Line Data to display an ADSL port’s line bit allocation. This screen displays an ADSL port's line performance counters. These counters display line performance data that has been accumulated since the system started. A block is a set of consecutive bits associated with the path; each bit belongs to one and only one block. This screen displays the number of bits transmitted for each tone. This can be used to determine the quality of the connection, whether a given sub-carrier loop has sufficient margins to support ADSL transmission rates, and possibly to determine whether certain specific types of interference or line attenuation exist. Table 24 Line Data LABEL DESCRIPTION Line Rate Click Line Rate to display an ADSL port’s line operating values. Line Performance Click Line Performance to display an ADSL port’s line performance counters. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094. A declaration is made by issuing a Join message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. Table 26 VLAN Status LABEL DESCRIPTION Static VLAN Click Static VLAN Setting to configure ports to dynamically join a VLAN group or Setting permanently assign ports to a VLAN group or prohibit ports from joining a VLAN group. You can assign a port to be a member of a VLAN group or prohibit a port from joining a VLAN group in this screen. You cannot delete a VLAN if any PVIDs are set to use the VLAN or the VLAN is the CPU (management) VLAN.
Displays the line data load per symbol linedata. Displays the device’s logs.Enter this command with the community to set the password. 26.2.4.5 Trap Destination Set Command Syntax: sys snmp trapdst set. An example is shown next.An example is shown next.Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer. The maximum voltage limit at a sensor. You can specify a voltage with up to three digits after a decimal point (0.941 for example). Refer to Section 5.3. Sets the name of a port(s). This command displays the specified ADSL profile or all ADSL profiles if you do not specify one. The following example displays the ADSL DEFVAL profile. You can also include a range of ports. An ADSL subscriber’s telephone number. This command records the telephone number of an ADSL subscriber telephone number. If a fast mode connection’s. This command allows you to delete an individual ADSL alarm profile by its name. You cannot delete the DEFVAL alarm profile. The following example deletes the SESalarm alarm profile. The type of encapsulation (vc or llc). The ubr (unspecified bit rate) or cbr (constant bit rate) ATM. You can also include a range of ports. The VPI and VCI of an individual PVC. Rapid STP commands (refer to IEEE rstp 802.1w). Displays the RSTP settings.Sets the external RADIUS server IP ip address. Sets the external RADIUS server port port number.The name of an IGMP filter profile. This command sets an ADSL port(s) to use an IGMP filter profile. The following example sets ADSL port 9 to use the voice IGMP filter profile. Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join message using GARP. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. The following example sets the Join Timer to 300 milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be larger than Leave Timer; the default is 10000 milliseconds. You can also include a range of ports. For a fixed port, you also have to specify, the tag control flag.
This means that frames may be dropped even if the SVLAN says to forward them. You can only use ports that are members of this management VLAN in order to manage the AAM. You cannot delete a VLAN if any PVIDs are set to use the VLAN or the VLAN is the CPU (management) VLAN. The following example shows the settings for all VIDs.You can also include a range of ports. This command turns off the MAC filtering feature on the specified ADSL port(s) or on all ADSL ports if no port is specified. You can also include a range of ports. This command enables the MAC count filter on the specified ADSL port(s). You can only enable the MAC count filter on ADSL ports that do not have the MAC filter enabled. You can also include a range of ports. Set the limit for how many MAC addresses that a port may. The following example displays the packet type filter settings for ADSL port 9. A “V” in a column means that the port is set to allow that type of packets to pass through. EAP is used with IEEE 802.1x to allow additional authentication methods (besides RADIUS) to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients. The destination subnet mask of packets that this static route is to route. This is the list of IP addresses and matching MAC addresses that the AAM has resolved. Displays all statistics configuration.You can also include a range of ports. The VPI and VCI of an individual PVC.. This command displays the number of bits transmitted for each tone. This can be used to determine the quality of the connection, whether a given sub-carrier loop has sufficient margins to support ADSL transmission rates, and possibly to determine whether certain specific types of interference or line attenuation exist. You can also include a range of ports. This command shows the line operating values of an ADSL port. This information can help in identifying the subscriber’s ADSL modem or router. Consecutive bits may not be contiguous in time.
All switch ports (except for designated ports) should receive BPDUs at regular intervals. Table 37 Port Authentication: RADIUS LABEL DESCRIPTION 802.1x Click 802.1x to configure individual port authentication settings. Enable Select this check box to have the AAM use an external RADIUS server to Authentication authenticate users. This table displays the configured user profiles. Index These are the numbers of the user profiles. Click this number to edit the user profile. Profile Enable Select this check box to turn on IEEE 802.1x authentication on the AAM. Table 39 Port Security LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This field displays a port number. Enable Select this check box to restrict the number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port. The manager issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations: Table 43 SNMP Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent. Table 46 Access Control: SNMP LABEL DESCRIPTION Return Click Return to go back to the previous screen. Get Community Enter the get community, which is the password for the incoming Get- and GetNext- requests from the management station. Table 47 Access Control: Logins LABEL DESCRIPTION Return Click Return to go back to the previous screen. Administrator This is the default administrator account with the “admin” user name. You cannot change the default administrator user name. The AAM loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Config Save link on the navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your Address AAM that will forward the packet to the destination. The gateway must be a router on the same segment as your AAM. Figure 80 Maintenance 21.2 Firmware Upgrade From the Maintenance screen, use Firmware Upgrade to upgrade your AAM firmware. After you have specified the file, click Upgrade.
Click the Backup Text Configuration Click Here link and then click Save. 2 In the Save As screen, choose a location to save the file on your computer from the Save in drop-down list box and type a descriptive name for it in the File name list box. You then see the screen as shown in Figure 84 on page 155. Click OK again and wait for the AAM to restart. This takes up to two minutes. This does not affect the AAM's configuration. Use this screen to check system logs, ping IP addresses or perform loopback tests. Click Clear to empty the text box and reset the syslog entry. Table 54 Log Messages LOG MESSAGE TYPE DESCRIPTION ADSL Link An ADSL port established a connection.THERMO OVER WARN VOLTAGE: - nominal voltage of the DC power nominal: ( - voltage of the DC power when logged value:. It provides magnitude values in a logarithmic scale. This can be used in analyzing the physical condition of the ADSL line. The table shows the following for each MAC address: the port upon which Ethernet frames were received from the device, to which VLAN groups the device belongs (if any) and to which channel it is connected (for devices connected to DSL ports). Figure 88 MAC Table The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 56 MAC Table. Table 57 ARP Table LABEL DESCRIPTION Flush Click Flush to remove all of the entries from the ARP table. Total X ARP This displays the number of entries in the ARP table. Table 58 Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION info Displays general system information.Turns the hardware monitor on.Maps a priority level to a physical. Turns off the DHCP relay agent disable information (Option 82) feature. Adds the specified information for the set Turns off the MAC address count filter disable for a port(s). Sets the IEEE 802.1X port control authentication option for specific ports. Sets the IEEE 802.1X re- reauth authentication option for specific ports. MAC example: 01005E010203 Removes a static multicast filter entry delete.
Table 64 Line Performance Counters LABEL DESCRIPTION The Number of Far End Block Errors. The number of UnAvailable Seconds that have occurred within the 15-minute uasl period. These counters are also used in the alarm profiles (see Section 27.3.13 on page. Be sure you keep unaltered copies of the files for later use. Note: Ensure that any changes you make to the commands in the configuration file correspond to the commands documented in this User’s Guide. The system restarts automatically. After each problem description, some steps are provided to help you to diagnose and solve the problem. 33.1 The SYS or PWR LED Does Not Turn On. Table 70 DSL Data Transmission Troubleshooting STEPS CORRECTIVE ACTION Check the AAM’s switch mode and port isolation settings.If the connection is good, the telephone will return a dial tone. Letters in the figure shown next indicate the systematic tests to be done. Suppose you’re using installation scenario “B”. Contact your telephone company for troubleshooting. Table 74 SYNC-rate Troubleshooting STEPS CORRECTIVE ACTION Connect the ADSL modem or router directly to the ADSL port using a different telephone wire. If the rates match, the quality of the telephone wiring that connects the subscriber to the ADSL port may be limiting the speed to a certain rate. Table 77 Telnet Troubleshooting STEPS CORRECTIVE ACTION Make sure that a telnet session is not already operating. The AAM only accepts one telnet session at a time. Make sure that your computer’s IP address matches a configured secured client IP address (if configured). Use the following procedure. 1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See the chapter on hardware connections for details. Click Transfer, then Send File to display the following screen. Figure 171 Example Xmodem Upload. Click Transfer, then Send File to display the following screen. Specification Tables Table 78 Device Specifications Default IP Address 192.168.1.
1 Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) User Name. Table 80 Hardware Telco-50 Connector Port and Pin Numbers PORT NUMBER PIN NUMBER USER (1, 26), CO (14, 39) Telephone Safety Warnings Telephone Number Saving Configuration Telephone Wire Service 3, 4 Terminal Emulation Service Personnel Terminal emulation. It offers better bandwidth utilization, ease of use and low-cost advantages. Lease Line G.SHDSL Service for Enterprise With G.SHDSL technology, the IES-1000 is also applicable for lease line replacement. Using the TC-PAM modulation technique, the IES-1000 is compatible with other existing transmission technologies, allowing service providers to deploy at locations where broadband services already exist. Next Page 2 M-Pair Bonding G.SHDSL.bis Solution. The IES-1000 supports the new-generation G.SHDSL.bis service at up to 4096kbps symmetrically in a single pair. Page 4 IES Series IP DSLAM Family Matrix. Model IES-1000 IES-1248 IES-2000 IES-2500 IES-3000 IES-5005 IES-5000. System Overview. The page you are trying to access may have been removed, had its name changed, or is temporarily unavailable. If you typed the address, please verify that the spelling is correct. Please use the following pages to find the information you need. View and Download ZyXEL Communications AAM1212 user manual online. General Information. Manufacturer: ZyXEL Communications Corp. Manufacturer Part Number: AAM1212-51. Manufacturer Website Address: www.zyxel. AAM1212-51 - read user manual online or download in PDF format. Pages in total: 4. Zyxel Support Center. IES-1248-51V. 48-port Remote MSAN If the information above cannot help you, please contact Zyxel technical support team directly.Download it. Page Count: 10 Flexible and Converged Platforms for. Evolutionary IP Access Networks. ZyXEL Kazakhstan. ZyXEL Communications Corp.ZyXEL China (Beijing)ZyXEL BeNeLuxZyXEL UkraineCorporate Headquarters. The Americas. ZyXEL Costa RicaAll rights reserved.
ZyXEL, ZyXEL logo are registered trademarks of ZyXEL Communications Corp. All other brands, product names, or trademarksAll specifications are subject to change without notice.Spring 2008. ZyXEL’s FTTX Solutions. Triple Play. Which ZyXEL Product is Right for You? Product Line Highlight. Network Topology for MSAN Products. Product at a Glance. System Architecture. MSAN Feature Matrix. Model Description. CertificateEvolution of IP Access Networks. ZyXEL’s Multi-Service Access Node (MSAN) product portfolio provides the most complete FTTX solutions for various access network. With over million ports deployed in video streaming environments, ZyXEL’s MSAN provides comprehensive QoS such as Strict Priority QueuingThe VoIP line card. Exchange (FTTE), Fiber-to-the-Curb (FTTC), Fiber-to-the-Building (FTTB) and Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) access infrastructure for the requirements. VOP1248G-61 provides aggregated 48 lines of Plain Office Telephone Service toward PSTN network. Each telephone line interface, ForeignExchange Subscriber (FXS) connected with subscriber’s telephone set through copper wire ranged up to 5 km. The analog voice signal fromThe VoIP line card uses either Session. Initialization Protocol (SIP) or H.248 protocol for network signaling to establish or tear down a voice call. Advance call features like “three-party. Figure OneBesides, to. Copper. VDSL2 service in the same paired copper wire without disturbing each other. Fiber. Central Office. Remote Cabinet. Outdoor PoleAny of these ZyXEL devices can be automatically detected and. Home UserKey features including. Features at a Glance. Network Topology ViewTree ViewDevice ViewPizza Box. Environmental. PremiseGraph view and. Trend ReportAutomatically generatesReport formats includeWEB server.Product Family. The NE will generate an alarm or event to notify the EMS via SNMP. The SNMP traps are defined in standard. MIB and private MIB. The EMS receives and logs the SNMP traps generated by the NE.
The EMS supports the function to acknowledge alarms for keeping track of every alarm about byThe EMS supports the function to enable the clear flag of alarms for keeping track about by whomThe “Template setting” savesThe “Provisioning” functionDSL line profile template, serviceYour Requirement. Up to 1152 per node, xDSL service for mass residential and. SMB services. 10G upgrade available to prevent limitation ofEthernet line cardsHigh density 384-port IP DSLAM that is well-suited for largescale deployments in central office sites. Flexible xDSL provisioning to server residential and businessInternet access, streaming audio and video, online gaming. VoD, IPTV, and VoIP applicationsEthernet line cardsFor less than 200-port density in space-limited environmentsSuitable for a central office or remote site to fulfill users withRing or tree topologyTypical FTTX deployment for up to 144 ports per PoPTemperaturehardened for setting up networks in remote locationsAdvanced QoSFocusing on future benefit of IMS IP core that Access. Gateway is expecting to replace traditional class 4,Medium-size for densityFull control of VoIPApplication that requires low density connections but needsPerfect solution for government wide areabroadbandLow density G.SHDSL solutionPerfect solution for entry level and low-density G.SHDSLATM-based Multi-Pair Bonding (G.998.1) supportApplication that requires high bandwidth performance at aThe function specifies the severity, facility and actionsThe template is thenRemote MSAN. Combo 48 portsView-based Network Management Functions (VBNMF)The system administrator can assign the accessEthernet line cardsA MIB object can only beExcellent system scalability and flexibility. Comprehensive port density from a maximum of 1152 ports to a minimum of 12 ports for various deployment scenarios. Service. Distribution. Network. Aggregation. Access Network. Premises Network.
Provides future-proof 10G interface design for central office solutions and temperature-hardened capability for remote. InternetCabinet. Best suited for changing bandwidth requirements, the wire speed backplane is able to transfer at up to 2G per blade in remote. Comprehensive QoS features that include 802.1p,ToS, DSCP mapping and ATM shapingField proven triple play service supportStreet. Cabinet. VoIPSoft SwitcSplitterSplitterCabinet. L2 SwitchThe 12.5U high IES-6000 is a central office MSAN with GigabitGigabit backplane and DC poweredThe IES-5005 is a remote chassis-based MSAN with Gigabit. Key FeaturesOne management switching card andCarrier-class redundancy is also supported by the 2-slotVLAN tagging, and multicast supportEthernet uplink interfaces. The maximum port capacity can beRemote IP DSLAM with AC or DC inputThe IES-5000 is a high-density IP DSLAM with Gigabit backplaneKey Features. Gigabit backplane and DC poweredCarrier-class redundancy is alsoThe maximum port capacity can beKey Features. Highly compact and temperaturehardened designIn-band management and one miniRJ11 for local consoleHot swappable fan module forTwo Gigabit Ethernet interfaces forVLAN tagging, and multicasting support. VLAN tagging, and multicastingElement Management System (EMS)Remote MSAN with DC input connector. Temperature-hardened design. In addition, it comes with twoStandalone Mini IP DSLAM. The IES-612-51 is a standalone mini IP DSLAM supporting 12One mini-RJ11 port for local consoleKey Features. Mini IP DSLAM with AC or DC poweredTwo Fast Ethernet interfaces for uplinkVLAN tagging, and multicastingHot-swappable fan module forTwo combo. GE ports for uplink andVoice Activity Detection (VAD), Caller IDMLT (Metallic loop testing for subscriberThe IES-708-22 is a standalone mini IP DSLAM supporting 8Mini IP DSLAM with AC or DC powered. Mini IP DSLAMEach IES-1000 has two slide-in slots whereMini IP DSLAM with AC or DC powered. MAX. 8-port G.SHDSL.Bis. ATM-based Multi-Pair Bonding.
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